import math
from typing import Sequence

from .stats_standard_deviation_types import DeviationKind


POW10 = [1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, 1e12]


def _round_to(x: float, decimals: int) -> float:
    # Half away from zero on the binary64 value. Python's round() is
    # half-even and would give round(0.5) == 0; this does not.
    scale = POW10[decimals]
    y = x * scale
    r = float(math.floor(y))
    if y - r >= 0.5:
        r += 1.0
    return r / scale + 0.0


def standard_deviation(values: Sequence[float], kind: DeviationKind, decimals: int) -> float:
    """Population or sample standard deviation, two-pass.

    The one-pass "mean of squares minus square of mean" shortcut cancels
    catastrophically on large, close values; two passes do not.
    """
    if isinstance(values, (str, bytes)) or not isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
        raise TypeError("values must be a list of numbers")
    for v in values:
        if isinstance(v, bool) or not isinstance(v, (int, float)) or not math.isfinite(v):
            raise TypeError("values must be finite numbers, received %r" % (v,))
    if kind not in ("population", "sample"):
        raise ValueError('unknown standard deviation kind "%s"' % (kind,))
    if isinstance(decimals, bool) or not isinstance(decimals, int) or decimals < 0 or decimals > 12:
        raise ValueError("decimals must be a whole number from 0 to 12, received %r" % (decimals,))
    n = len(values)
    if n == 0:
        raise ValueError("values must not be empty")
    if kind == "sample" and n < 2:
        raise ValueError("sample standard deviation needs at least 2 values")

    # Plain left-to-right float additions; sum() on ints would be exact and
    # math.fsum compensated, and either would differ from the other languages.
    total = 0.0
    for v in values:
        total = total + float(v)
    mean = total / n
    squares = 0.0
    for v in values:
        d = float(v) - mean
        squares = squares + d * d
    divisor = n - 1 if kind == "sample" else n
    return _round_to(math.sqrt(squares / divisor), decimals)