Functional Weave
Code in TypeScript

inventory.stock-turnover

Stock turnover ratio, days inventory outstanding and days of cover for a period, computed exactly.

1.0.0 · published 2026-10-03 by charlie · Anterra

Pinned by 13 tests, run in TypeScript, Python and Rust.

What it does

Three measures of how quickly stock moves over a period, all at cost:

- **turns** (stock turnover ratio) = cost of sales / average stock, where average stock is (opening + closing) / 2. Six turns a year means the average holding is sold six times over. - **daysInventoryOutstanding** = average stock / cost of sales x periodDays: how many days the average holding represents; periodDays / turns. - **daysOfCover** = closing stock / cost of sales x periodDays: how many days the stock on hand now would last at this period's rate of use. This is the figure a warehouse plans with; it looks forward from the closing stock.

For example

  • stockTurnover(£500.00, £300.00, £2,400.00, 365) → average stock £400.00, turns 6, days inventory outstanding 60.8, days of cover 45.6 a year: average 400.00 against 2400.00 cost of sales is 6 turns, 60.8 days, 45.6 days of cover
  • stockTurnover(£123.45, £234.56, £1,000.00, 30) → average stock £179.01, turns 5.59, days inventory outstanding 5.4, days of cover 7 awkward figures: 5.59 turns, 5.4 days, 7.0 days of cover over 30 days; the average 179.005 shows as 179.01
  • stockTurnover(£2.00, £2.00, £0.01, 1) → average stock £2.00, turns 0.01, days inventory outstanding 200, days of cover 200 an exact half of a hundredth, 0.005 turns, rounds half-up to 0.01

The function

The same function in TypeScript, Python and Rust, pinned by the same tests. Pick your language; the choice follows you around the registry.

export function stockTurnover(openingStock: Money, closingStock: Money, costOfSales: Money, periodDays: number): StockTurnover
openingStockMoneystock value at cost at the start of the period
closingStockMoneystock value at cost at the end of the period
costOfSalesMoneycost of the stock sold or used in the period
periodDaysintlength of the period: 365 for a year, 28 for four weeks
returnsStockTurnover

The type it declares, generated into your project

/** How fast stock moves, three ways. */
export interface StockTurnover {
  /** (opening + closing) / 2, half-up to minor units */
  readonly averageStock: Money;
  /** cost of sales / average stock, to 2 decimal places; null when average stock is zero */
  readonly turns: number | null;
  /** average stock / cost of sales x periodDays, to 1 decimal place; null when cost of sales is zero */
  readonly daysInventoryOutstanding: number | null;
  /** closing stock / cost of sales x periodDays, to 1 decimal place; null when cost of sales is zero */
  readonly daysOfCover: number | null;
}

Your code names it in one line, in the file that uses it

import { stockTurnover } from "#fune/inventory.stock-turnover@^1";
impl/typescript.ts · 30 lines · open · raw

Imports name this capability’s declared dependencies, which fune builds next to it in your project; each one links to its page.

import { roundDiv } from "./math_round_div.ts";  ← from math.round-div ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
import { type Money, assertSameCurrency, money } from "./money_amount.ts";  ← from money.amount ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
import { type StockTurnover } from "./inventory_stock_turnover_types.ts";

function notNegative(name: string, amount: Money): void {
  if (amount.minor < 0) throw new RangeError(`${name} must not be negative, received ${amount.minor}`);
}

/**
 * Turns, days inventory outstanding and days of cover. Each is one exact
 * division rounded half-up, then made a float, so every language agrees.
 */
export function stockTurnover(openingStock: Money, closingStock: Money, costOfSales: Money, periodDays: number): StockTurnover {
  assertSameCurrency(openingStock, closingStock);
  assertSameCurrency(openingStock, costOfSales);
  notNegative("openingStock", openingStock);
  notNegative("closingStock", closingStock);
  notNegative("costOfSales", costOfSales);
  if (!Number.isInteger(periodDays) || periodDays < 1) {
    throw new RangeError(`periodDays must be a whole number of days, at least 1, received ${periodDays}`);
  }
  const both = openingStock.minor + closingStock.minor;
  const cogs = costOfSales.minor;
  return {
    averageStock: money(roundDiv(both, 2, "half-up"), openingStock.currency),
    turns: both === 0 ? null : roundDiv(cogs * 200, both, "half-up") / 100,
    daysInventoryOutstanding: cogs === 0 ? null : roundDiv(both * periodDays * 10, cogs * 2, "half-up") / 10,
    daysOfCover: cogs === 0 ? null : roundDiv(closingStock.minor * periodDays * 10, cogs, "half-up") / 10,
  };
}

Install

fune build

With that line in your source, in a TypeScript project (language typescript in fune.project), fune build resolves it and its 2 dependencies, pins them in fune.lock, downloads only the TypeScript package of each, and builds the code above into your project’s .fune/build, one readable file per capability with a header linking back here. Or pin a range in fune.project and build in one step:

fune add inventory.stock-turnover
Download for TypeScript inventory.stock-turnover-1.0.0-typescript.fune · 10,237 bytes sha256 39784c55d8b8ab9a1686fe1c7863dc7d94f03624803afad98e8e17eca0dbddd8

The manifest, vectors and README with only the TypeScript implementation. Install it without the registry with fune add ./inventory.stock-turnover-1.0.0-typescript.fune, or fetch it from a terminal with fune pull inventory.stock-turnover@1.0.0:typescript.

The whole function, every language, is one file too: inventory.stock-turnover-1.0.0.fune, 14,658 bytes, sha256 9155bb345cfebcc9171de07f32cb2dbca138e4b611c2e5f980f793cbbc978314. It installs into a project of any language.

Customise it in your app

The seams this capability offers. Put a marker directly above a function of your own and fune build wires it into the built code; the package on the registry is not changed, the built file’s header lists it under CUSTOMISED, and fune hooks lists every hook in the project. How hooks work.

before — your function gets the arguments and returns them, changed or not, or throws to refuse the call.

// fune: before inventory.stock-turnover

after — your function gets the result and the arguments, and returns the final result.

// fune: after inventory.stock-turnover

replace — inside this capability’s code only, calls to a dependency go to your function, with the same signature. Other capabilities that use it are unaffected; write in * to replace it everywhere.

// fune: replace math.round-div in inventory.stock-turnover
// fune: replace money.amount in inventory.stock-turnover

step — your function runs at a numbered point inside the function’s body, receives the in-scope values it names as parameters, and may return replacements. List the points with fune show inventory.stock-turnover --steps.

// fune: step inventory.stock-turnover after <n|label>

Tests

A version published now needs at least 8 tests for every function, and one that expects the error for each function that throws; the registry refuses it otherwise. fune verify --all runs each case in TypeScript, Python and Rust, and a project runs them again with fune verify. This page lists the cases; it does not run them. The exact JSON is vectors.json.

CaseArgumentsExpected
a year: average 400.00 against 2400.00 cost of sales is 6 turns, 60.8 days, 45.6 days of cover £500.00, £300.00, £2,400.00, 365 → average stock £400.00, turns 6, days inventory outstanding 60.8, days of cover 45.6
awkward figures: 5.59 turns, 5.4 days, 7.0 days of cover over 30 days; the average 179.005 shows as 179.01 £123.45, £234.56, £1,000.00, 30 → average stock £179.01, turns 5.59, days inventory outstanding 5.4, days of cover 7
an exact half of a hundredth, 0.005 turns, rounds half-up to 0.01 £2.00, £2.00, £0.01, 1 → average stock £2.00, turns 0.01, days inventory outstanding 200, days of cover 200
a week: 0.7 turns and ten days' cover £10.00, £10.00, £7.00, 7 → average stock £10.00, turns 0.7, days inventory outstanding 10, days of cover 10
stock ran out by the end: no cover left, though the average held some £100.00, £0.00, £200.00, 30 → average stock £50.00, turns 4, days inventory outstanding 7.5, days of cover 0
nothing sold: zero turns, and the day counts have no answer £100.00, £100.00, £0.00, 30 → average stock £100.00, turns 0, days inventory outstanding —, days of cover —
no stock held but cost of sales (drop-shipped): turns has no answer £0.00, £0.00, £50.00, 30 → average stock £0.00, turns —, days inventory outstanding 0, days of cover 0
nothing at all: every ratio is null €0.00, €0.00, €0.00, 30 → average stock €0.00, turns —, days inventory outstanding —, days of cover —
amounts in two currencies are an error £1.00, €1.00, £1.00, 30 → error: currency mismatch
negative stock is an error -£0.01, £1.00, £1.00, 30 → error: openingStock must not be negative
Show the other 3 tests
CaseArgumentsExpected
negative cost of sales is an error £1.00, £1.00, -£1.00, 30 → error: costOfSales must not be negative
a period of zero days is an error £1.00, £1.00, £1.00, 0 → error: periodDays must be a whole number of days, at least 1
a fractional period is an error £1.00, £1.00, £1.00, 7.5 → error: periodDays must be a whole number of days, at least 1

More from the author

**Exact, then rounded once.** Each ratio is a single division of whole minor units, rounded half-up with `math.round-div` to hundredths (turns) or tenths (days), and only then turned into a float. So 0.005 turns is 0.01 in every language, where `Math.round(x * 100) / 100` and Python's `round(x, 2)` disagree. `averageStock` is rounded half-up to a minor unit for display; the ratios use the exact sum, not the rounded average.

**No answer is null, not zero or infinity.** Turns is null when average stock is zero; the two day counts are null when cost of sales is zero (stock that does not move has no cover horizon).

Use cost values throughout: turnover on sales value against stock at cost overstates it by the margin. Stock values and cost of sales may not be negative, the three amounts must share a currency, and periodDays must be at least 1.

Source: the standard definitions, e.g. CIMA Official Terminology (inventory turnover, inventory days).

Files

PathBytes
README.md1,617
impl/python.py1,607
impl/rust.rs2,640
impl/typescript.ts1,527
vectors.json3,797