retail.refund-calculate
Refund for returned items, sharing basket discounts back across the sale so every refund is exact to the penny.
1.0.0 · published 2026-10-03 by charlie · Anterra
Pinned by 16 tests, run in TypeScript, Python and Rust.
What it does
Works out what to refund when a customer brings items back, so that the refund matches what they actually paid for those items, including their share of any discount on the whole basket, to the penny.
## Two steps
For example
calculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1)→ lines ×1, total £4.29 one of three teas, with its share of a 5.00 couponcalculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1)→ lines ×1, total £6.86 a single mug refunds its whole paid pricecalculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1)→ lines ×1, total £5.14 one of two books; the coupon's spare penny went to the book line
The function
The same function in TypeScript, Python and Rust, pinned by the same tests. Pick your language; the choice follows you around the registry.
pub fn calculate_refund(lines: &[SaleLine], basket_discount: &Money, returns: &[ReturnLine]) -> Refund
| lines | SaleLine[] | the original sale, every line, whether returned or not |
| basket_discount | Money | discounts taken off the whole basket (a coupon, a staff discount); 0 for none |
| returns | ReturnLine[] | what is coming back now |
| returns | Refund |
The types it declares, generated into your project
/// One line of the original sale.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SaleLine {
pub sku: String,
/// units bought, 1 or more
pub quantity: i64,
/// what the line cost after its own promotions, before basket discounts
pub net: Money,
/// units of this line already refunded by earlier returns
pub returned_before: i64,
}
/// Units of one sale line being returned.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ReturnLine {
/// 0-based index into lines
pub line: i64,
/// 1 or more
pub quantity: i64,
}
/// The refund for one returned line.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RefundLine {
pub line: i64,
pub sku: String,
pub quantity: i64,
/// what the whole sale line cost after its share of the basket discount
pub paid: Money,
/// the refund for the units returned now
pub amount: Money,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Refund {
/// in the order the returns were given
pub lines: Vec<RefundLine>,
pub total: Money,
}
Your code names it in one line, in the file that uses it
fune!(retail.refund-calculate@^1); // then call calculate_refund(…)
Imports name this capability’s declared dependencies, which fune builds next to it in your project; each one links to its page.
use super::funejson::Value; ← the fune runtime: the JSON value the test vectors use; fune build keeps it only where a signature takes one
use super::math_round_div::round_div; ← from math.round-div ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
use super::money_allocate::allocate; ← from money.allocate ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
use super::money_amount::{money, money_from_value, money_to_value, Money}; ← from money.amount ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
use super::money_sum::sum_money; ← from money.sum ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
/// Refund returned units at what they were actually paid: the basket discount
/// is shared across every sale line first, then each line refunds by the
/// difference of cumulative shares, so a line fully returned in several
/// visits refunds exactly what it cost.
///
/// # Panics
/// Panics on an empty sale, mixed currencies, a discount bigger than the
/// basket, or a return of more units than remain.
pub fn calculate_refund(lines: &[SaleLine], basket_discount: &Money, returns: &[ReturnLine]) -> Refund {
if lines.is_empty() {
panic!("a sale needs at least one line");
}
let currency = lines[0].net.currency.clone();
for line in lines {
if line.net.currency != currency {
panic!("currency mismatch: {} and {}", currency, line.net.currency);
}
if line.quantity < 1 {
panic!("quantity must be 1 or more, received {}", line.quantity);
}
if line.net.minor < 0 {
panic!("net must not be negative, received {}", line.net.minor);
}
if line.returned_before < 0 || line.returned_before > line.quantity {
panic!(
"returnedBefore must be from 0 to {}, received {}",
line.quantity, line.returned_before
);
}
}
if basket_discount.currency != currency {
panic!("currency mismatch: {} and {}", currency, basket_discount.currency);
}
let nets: Vec<Money> = lines.iter().map(|l| l.net.clone()).collect();
let basket = sum_money(&nets, ¤cy);
if basket_discount.minor < 0 {
panic!("basketDiscount must not be negative, received {}", basket_discount.minor);
}
if basket_discount.minor > basket.minor {
panic!(
"basketDiscount {} is more than the lines' total {}",
basket_discount.minor, basket.minor
);
}
let shares: Vec<Money> = if basket_discount.minor == 0 {
lines.iter().map(|_| money(0, ¤cy)).collect()
} else {
let ratios: Vec<i64> = lines.iter().map(|l| l.net.minor).collect();
allocate(basket_discount, &ratios)
};
let paid: Vec<i64> = lines
.iter()
.zip(shares.iter())
.map(|(l, s)| l.net.minor - s.minor)
.collect();
let mut seen: Vec<i64> = Vec::new();
let mut refunded: Vec<RefundLine> = Vec::new();
for r in returns {
if r.line < 0 || r.line >= lines.len() as i64 {
panic!("no line {} in the sale", r.line);
}
if seen.contains(&r.line) {
panic!("line {} is returned twice in one refund", r.line);
}
seen.push(r.line);
if r.quantity < 1 {
panic!("return quantity must be 1 or more, received {}", r.quantity);
}
let index = r.line as usize;
let line = &lines[index];
if line.returned_before + r.quantity > line.quantity {
panic!(
"cannot return {} of line {}: {} bought, {} already returned",
r.quantity, r.line, line.quantity, line.returned_before
);
}
let before = round_div(paid[index] * line.returned_before, line.quantity, "half-up");
let after = round_div(
paid[index] * (line.returned_before + r.quantity),
line.quantity,
"half-up",
);
refunded.push(RefundLine {
line: r.line,
sku: line.sku.clone(),
quantity: r.quantity,
paid: money(paid[index], ¤cy),
amount: money(after - before, ¤cy),
});
}
let amounts: Vec<Money> = refunded.iter().map(|r| r.amount.clone()).collect();
Refund {
total: sum_money(&amounts, ¤cy),
lines: refunded,
}
}
pub fn sale_line_from_value(v: &Value) -> SaleLine {
SaleLine {
sku: v.get("sku").as_str().to_string(),
quantity: v.get("quantity").as_i64(),
net: money_from_value(v.get("net")),
returned_before: v.get("returnedBefore").as_i64(),
}
}
pub fn refund_to_value(r: &Refund) -> Value {
Value::obj(vec![
(
"lines",
Value::Arr(
r.lines
.iter()
.map(|l| {
Value::obj(vec![
("line", Value::Int(l.line)),
("sku", Value::str(&l.sku)),
("quantity", Value::Int(l.quantity)),
("paid", money_to_value(&l.paid)),
("amount", money_to_value(&l.amount)),
])
})
.collect(),
),
),
("total", money_to_value(&r.total)),
])
}
pub fn fune_vector(args: &[Value]) -> Value {
let lines: Vec<SaleLine> = args[0].as_arr().iter().map(sale_line_from_value).collect();
let returns: Vec<ReturnLine> = args[2]
.as_arr()
.iter()
.map(|v| ReturnLine {
line: v.get("line").as_i64(),
quantity: v.get("quantity").as_i64(),
})
.collect();
refund_to_value(&calculate_refund(&lines, &money_from_value(&args[1]), &returns))
}Install
fune build
With that line in your source, in a Rust project (language rust in fune.project), fune build resolves it and its 4 dependencies, pins them in fune.lock, downloads only the Rust package of each, and builds the code above into your project’s .fune/build, one readable file per capability with a header linking back here. A crate’s build.rs runs it before every compile. Or pin a range in fune.project and build in one step:
fune add retail.refund-calculate
The manifest, vectors and README with only the Rust implementation. Install it without the registry with fune add ./retail.refund-calculate-1.0.0-rust.fune, or fetch it from a terminal with fune pull retail.refund-calculate@1.0.0:rust.
The whole function, every language, is one file too: retail.refund-calculate-1.0.0.fune, 29,559 bytes, sha256 1df6a683263a2e3f77ad9a3d4985b7433ada680a5e0188e673c69be3b18822e1. It installs into a project of any language.
Customise it in your app
The seams this capability offers. Put a marker directly above a function of your own and fune build wires it into the built code; the package on the registry is not changed, the built file’s header lists it under CUSTOMISED, and fune hooks lists every hook in the project. How hooks work.
before — your function gets the arguments and returns them, changed or not, or throws to refuse the call.
// fune: before retail.refund-calculate
after — your function gets the result and the arguments, and returns the final result.
// fune: after retail.refund-calculate
replace — inside this capability’s code only, calls to a dependency go to your function, with the same signature. Other capabilities that use it are unaffected; write in * to replace it everywhere.
// fune: replace math.round-div in retail.refund-calculate
// fune: replace money.allocate in retail.refund-calculate
// fune: replace money.amount in retail.refund-calculate
// fune: replace money.sum in retail.refund-calculate
step — your function runs at a numbered point inside the function’s body, receives the in-scope values it names as parameters, and may return replacements. List the points with fune show retail.refund-calculate --steps.
// fune: step retail.refund-calculate after <n|label>
Tests
A version published now needs at least 8 tests for every function, and one that expects the error for each function that throws; the registry refuses it otherwise. fune verify --all runs each case in TypeScript, Python and Rust, and a project runs them again with fune verify. This page lists the cases; it does not run them. The exact JSON is vectors.json.
| Case | Arguments | Expected | |
|---|---|---|---|
| one of three teas, with its share of a 5.00 coupon | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £4.29 |
| a single mug refunds its whole paid price | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £6.86 |
| one of two books; the coupon's spare penny went to the book line | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £5.14 |
| returning everything refunds exactly what was paid | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×3 | → | lines ×3, total £30.00 |
| the second tea of three, after one came back earlier | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £4.28 |
| the last tea: 4.29 + 4.28 + 4.29 is exactly 12.86 | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £4.29 |
| returns are listed in the order given | lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×2 | → | lines ×2, total £13.71 |
| no basket discount refunds the line net share | lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £5.00 |
| nothing returned refunds nothing | lines ×3, £5.00, | → | lines , total £0.00 |
| a discount equal to the whole basket leaves nothing to refund | lines ×3, £35.00, returns ×1 | → | lines ×1, total £0.00 |
Show the other 6 tests
| Case | Arguments | Expected | |
|---|---|---|---|
| returning more than is left is an error | lines ×1, £0.00, returns ×1 | → | error: cannot return 2 of line 0: 3 bought, 2 already returned |
| an unknown line is an error | lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 | → | error: no line 5 in the sale |
| the same line twice in one return is an error | lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×2 | → | error: line 0 is returned twice in one refund |
| a discount bigger than the basket is an error | lines ×3, £40.00, returns ×1 | → | error: basketDiscount 4000 is more than the lines' total 3500 |
| a discount in another currency is an error | lines ×3, €5.00, returns ×1 | → | error: currency mismatch: GBP and EUR |
| a zero return quantity is an error | lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 | → | error: return quantity must be 1 or more |
More from the author
1. **Share the basket discount across every line of the sale**, returned or not, in proportion to each line's net, with `money.allocate`. A £5 coupon on a £35 basket takes £2.14 off the £15 line, £1.14 off the £8 line and £1.72 off the £12 line (the spare penny goes to the largest remainder), so each line's `paid` adds up to exactly what was taken at the till. 2. **Refund units of a line by cumulative share.** Returning `q` units when `r` have already come back refunds
`round(paid x (r + q) / quantity) - round(paid x r / quantity)`
rounding half up. Because each refund is the difference of two running totals, returning every unit, in any number of visits, refunds exactly `paid`. A line of three that cost £12.86 refunds £4.29, £4.28 and £4.29, never 3 x £4.29 = £12.87.
The line nets should already include line promotions (`retail.promotion-apply` allocates each deal back to the lines in its groups for exactly this reason), so a returned item from a 3 for 2 is refunded at its share of the deal, not at full price.
The naive refund, unit price times quantity, ignores the coupon and refunds £5.00 for an item that cost £4.29 after it.
## What it does not do
- It does not decide whether a refund is due; returns policies and consumer law (the 14-day cancellation period under the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, for instance) are the caller's. - Delivery charges are not refunded here. Under the Consumer Contracts Regulations a trader cancelling a whole distance order refunds the standard delivery too; add it when the whole order comes back. - It does not re-check promotions. If returning an item breaks a deal (one of a BOGOF pair), whether the kept item should now cost more is a policy decision; this refunds what the returned item was actually paid.
## Errors
Returning more units than remain, an unknown line, the same line twice in one return, a basket discount bigger than the basket, or mixed currencies.
Files
| Path | Bytes |
|---|---|
| README.md | 2,243 |
| impl/python.py | 3,608 |
| impl/rust.rs | 5,445 |
| impl/typescript.ts | 3,355 |
| vectors.json | 9,237 |