Functional Weave
Code in Python

retail.refund-calculate

Refund for returned items, sharing basket discounts back across the sale so every refund is exact to the penny.

1.0.0 · published 2026-10-03 by charlie · Anterra

Pinned by 16 tests, run in TypeScript, Python and Rust.

What it does

Works out what to refund when a customer brings items back, so that the refund matches what they actually paid for those items, including their share of any discount on the whole basket, to the penny.

## Two steps

For example

  • calculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1) → lines ×1, total £4.29 one of three teas, with its share of a 5.00 coupon
  • calculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1) → lines ×1, total £6.86 a single mug refunds its whole paid price
  • calculate_refund(lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1) → lines ×1, total £5.14 one of two books; the coupon's spare penny went to the book line

The function

The same function in TypeScript, Python and Rust, pinned by the same tests. Pick your language; the choice follows you around the registry.

def calculate_refund(lines: Sequence[SaleLine], basket_discount: Money, returns: Sequence[ReturnLine]) -> Refund
linesSaleLine[]the original sale, every line, whether returned or not
basket_discountMoneydiscounts taken off the whole basket (a coupon, a staff discount); 0 for none
returnsReturnLine[]what is coming back now
returnsRefund

The types it declares, generated into your project

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SaleLine:
    """One line of the original sale."""

    sku: str
    #: units bought, 1 or more
    quantity: int
    #: what the line cost after its own promotions, before basket discounts
    net: Money
    #: units of this line already refunded by earlier returns
    returned_before: int

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ReturnLine:
    """Units of one sale line being returned."""

    #: 0-based index into lines
    line: int
    #: 1 or more
    quantity: int

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class RefundLine:
    """The refund for one returned line."""

    line: int
    sku: str
    quantity: int
    #: what the whole sale line cost after its share of the basket discount
    paid: Money
    #: the refund for the units returned now
    amount: Money

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Refund:
    #: in the order the returns were given
    lines: List[RefundLine]
    total: Money

Your code names it in one line, in the file that uses it

from fune.retail.refund_calculate import calculate_refund  # retail.refund-calculate@^1
impl/python.py · 74 lines · open · raw

Imports name this capability’s declared dependencies, which fune builds next to it in your project; each one links to its page.

from typing import List, Sequence

from .math_round_div import round_div  ← from math.round-div ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
from .money_allocate import allocate  ← from money.allocate ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
from .money_amount import Money, money  ← from money.amount ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
from .money_sum import sum_money  ← from money.sum ^1.0.0 · built alongside by fune
from .retail_refund_calculate_types import SaleLine, ReturnLine, RefundLine, Refund


def calculate_refund(lines: Sequence[SaleLine], basket_discount: Money, returns: Sequence[ReturnLine]) -> Refund:
    """Refund returned units at what they were actually paid: the basket
    discount is shared across every sale line first, then each line refunds by
    the difference of cumulative shares, so a line fully returned in several
    visits refunds exactly what it cost.
    """
    if len(lines) == 0:
        raise ValueError("a sale needs at least one line")
    currency = lines[0].net.currency
    for line in lines:
        if line.net.currency != currency:
            raise ValueError("currency mismatch: %s and %s" % (currency, line.net.currency))
        if line.quantity < 1:
            raise ValueError("quantity must be 1 or more, received %d" % line.quantity)
        if line.net.minor < 0:
            raise ValueError("net must not be negative, received %d" % line.net.minor)
        if line.returned_before < 0 or line.returned_before > line.quantity:
            raise ValueError(
                "returnedBefore must be from 0 to %d, received %d" % (line.quantity, line.returned_before)
            )
    if basket_discount.currency != currency:
        raise ValueError("currency mismatch: %s and %s" % (currency, basket_discount.currency))
    basket = sum_money([line.net for line in lines], currency)
    if basket_discount.minor < 0:
        raise ValueError("basketDiscount must not be negative, received %d" % basket_discount.minor)
    if basket_discount.minor > basket.minor:
        raise ValueError(
            "basketDiscount %d is more than the lines' total %d" % (basket_discount.minor, basket.minor)
        )

    if basket_discount.minor == 0:
        shares = [money(0, currency) for _ in lines]
    else:
        shares = allocate(basket_discount, [line.net.minor for line in lines])
    paid = [line.net.minor - share.minor for line, share in zip(lines, shares)]

    seen = set()
    refunded: List[RefundLine] = []
    for r in returns:
        if isinstance(r.line, bool) or not isinstance(r.line, int) or r.line < 0 or r.line >= len(lines):
            raise ValueError("no line %s in the sale" % (r.line,))
        if r.line in seen:
            raise ValueError("line %d is returned twice in one refund" % r.line)
        seen.add(r.line)
        if isinstance(r.quantity, bool) or not isinstance(r.quantity, int) or r.quantity < 1:
            raise ValueError("return quantity must be 1 or more, received %r" % (r.quantity,))
        line = lines[r.line]
        if line.returned_before + r.quantity > line.quantity:
            raise ValueError(
                "cannot return %d of line %d: %d bought, %d already returned"
                % (r.quantity, r.line, line.quantity, line.returned_before)
            )
        before = round_div(paid[r.line] * line.returned_before, line.quantity, "half-up")
        after = round_div(paid[r.line] * (line.returned_before + r.quantity), line.quantity, "half-up")
        refunded.append(
            RefundLine(
                line=r.line,
                sku=line.sku,
                quantity=r.quantity,
                paid=money(paid[r.line], currency),
                amount=money(after - before, currency),
            )
        )

    return Refund(lines=refunded, total=sum_money([r.amount for r in refunded], currency))

Install

fune build

With that line in your source, in a Python project (language python in fune.project), fune build resolves it and its 4 dependencies, pins them in fune.lock, downloads only the Python package of each, and builds the code above into your project’s .fune/build, one readable file per capability with a header linking back here. Or pin a range in fune.project and build in one step:

fune add retail.refund-calculate
Download for Python retail.refund-calculate-1.0.0-python.fune · 20,438 bytes sha256 7ad7226e9c110fd8da47785e0c54b6dafb17d203f145ac12cf998d4bc124a5c9

The manifest, vectors and README with only the Python implementation. Install it without the registry with fune add ./retail.refund-calculate-1.0.0-python.fune, or fetch it from a terminal with fune pull retail.refund-calculate@1.0.0:python.

The whole function, every language, is one file too: retail.refund-calculate-1.0.0.fune, 29,559 bytes, sha256 1df6a683263a2e3f77ad9a3d4985b7433ada680a5e0188e673c69be3b18822e1. It installs into a project of any language.

Customise it in your app

The seams this capability offers. Put a marker directly above a function of your own and fune build wires it into the built code; the package on the registry is not changed, the built file’s header lists it under CUSTOMISED, and fune hooks lists every hook in the project. How hooks work.

before — your function gets the arguments and returns them, changed or not, or throws to refuse the call.

# fune: before retail.refund-calculate

after — your function gets the result and the arguments, and returns the final result.

# fune: after retail.refund-calculate

replace — inside this capability’s code only, calls to a dependency go to your function, with the same signature. Other capabilities that use it are unaffected; write in * to replace it everywhere.

# fune: replace math.round-div in retail.refund-calculate
# fune: replace money.allocate in retail.refund-calculate
# fune: replace money.amount in retail.refund-calculate
# fune: replace money.sum in retail.refund-calculate

step — your function runs at a numbered point inside the function’s body, receives the in-scope values it names as parameters, and may return replacements. List the points with fune show retail.refund-calculate --steps.

# fune: step retail.refund-calculate after <n|label>

Tests

A version published now needs at least 8 tests for every function, and one that expects the error for each function that throws; the registry refuses it otherwise. fune verify --all runs each case in TypeScript, Python and Rust, and a project runs them again with fune verify. This page lists the cases; it does not run them. The exact JSON is vectors.json.

CaseArgumentsExpected
one of three teas, with its share of a 5.00 coupon lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £4.29
a single mug refunds its whole paid price lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £6.86
one of two books; the coupon's spare penny went to the book line lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £5.14
returning everything refunds exactly what was paid lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×3 → lines ×3, total £30.00
the second tea of three, after one came back earlier lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £4.28
the last tea: 4.29 + 4.28 + 4.29 is exactly 12.86 lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £4.29
returns are listed in the order given lines ×3, £5.00, returns ×2 → lines ×2, total £13.71
no basket discount refunds the line net share lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £5.00
nothing returned refunds nothing lines ×3, £5.00, → lines , total £0.00
a discount equal to the whole basket leaves nothing to refund lines ×3, £35.00, returns ×1 → lines ×1, total £0.00
Show the other 6 tests
CaseArgumentsExpected
returning more than is left is an error lines ×1, £0.00, returns ×1 → error: cannot return 2 of line 0: 3 bought, 2 already returned
an unknown line is an error lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 → error: no line 5 in the sale
the same line twice in one return is an error lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×2 → error: line 0 is returned twice in one refund
a discount bigger than the basket is an error lines ×3, £40.00, returns ×1 → error: basketDiscount 4000 is more than the lines' total 3500
a discount in another currency is an error lines ×3, €5.00, returns ×1 → error: currency mismatch: GBP and EUR
a zero return quantity is an error lines ×3, £0.00, returns ×1 → error: return quantity must be 1 or more

More from the author

1. **Share the basket discount across every line of the sale**, returned or not, in proportion to each line's net, with `money.allocate`. A £5 coupon on a £35 basket takes £2.14 off the £15 line, £1.14 off the £8 line and £1.72 off the £12 line (the spare penny goes to the largest remainder), so each line's `paid` adds up to exactly what was taken at the till. 2. **Refund units of a line by cumulative share.** Returning `q` units when `r` have already come back refunds

`round(paid x (r + q) / quantity) - round(paid x r / quantity)`

rounding half up. Because each refund is the difference of two running totals, returning every unit, in any number of visits, refunds exactly `paid`. A line of three that cost £12.86 refunds £4.29, £4.28 and £4.29, never 3 x £4.29 = £12.87.

The line nets should already include line promotions (`retail.promotion-apply` allocates each deal back to the lines in its groups for exactly this reason), so a returned item from a 3 for 2 is refunded at its share of the deal, not at full price.

The naive refund, unit price times quantity, ignores the coupon and refunds £5.00 for an item that cost £4.29 after it.

## What it does not do

- It does not decide whether a refund is due; returns policies and consumer law (the 14-day cancellation period under the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, for instance) are the caller's. - Delivery charges are not refunded here. Under the Consumer Contracts Regulations a trader cancelling a whole distance order refunds the standard delivery too; add it when the whole order comes back. - It does not re-check promotions. If returning an item breaks a deal (one of a BOGOF pair), whether the kept item should now cost more is a policy decision; this refunds what the returned item was actually paid.

## Errors

Returning more units than remain, an unknown line, the same line twice in one return, a basket discount bigger than the basket, or mixed currencies.

Files

PathBytes
README.md2,243
impl/python.py3,608
impl/rust.rs5,445
impl/typescript.ts3,355
vectors.json9,237